Virginia Tech neuroscientists to explore how obesity affects brain circuits involved in reward, motivation, and emotions

Virginia Tech neuroscientists at Fralin Biomedical Research Institute are part of a cross-disciplinary team that will explore how obesity affects brain circuits involved in reward, motivation, and emotions with support from a four-year, US$2.75 million grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health.

The goal is to bridge the translational gap between animal and human studies. It also will provide a foundation for testing the relationship between the brain’s food-reward mechanisms and markers of metabolic health and disease.

“Decision-making surrounding food drives these health conditions,” said Dr Alexandra DiFeliceantonio, assistant professor at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and interim co-director of its Center for Health Behaviors Research. “And decisions about what foods to eat is a leading, modifiable driver of disease burden.”

The other lead investigators are Matt Howe, assistant professor of neuroscience with Virginia Tech’s College of Science, and Professor Read Montague, director of the Center for Human Neuroscience Research at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute.

While animal studies in bees, rodents and non-human primates have shown the role certain brain chemicals play in food and reward, scientists only recently have been able to track these chemicals in real time in people.

“Until the advances made by Dr Montague, we had no way of measuring these signals at sub-second timescales for food reward tasks,” added DiFeliceantonio. “It’s important because there are findings that are foundational in neuroscience that might be different in human beings.”

The Virginia Tech study will use groundbreaking electrochemistry techniques developed by Montague, a computational neuroscientist, and his team. The research, which involves neurochemical measurements taken using surgically implanted leads to monitor seizures in epilepsy patients, is being conducted in collaboration with Robert Bina, a neurosurgeon with the University of Arizona’s Banner Health.

Scientists will measure brain chemical activity important for motivation and reward in people while they are drinking sugary drinks through a custom pump system and completing tasks related to emotion and food words to better understand how metabolic markers of health and disease influence decision-making.

“It’s important to measure different types of rewards to understand if these brain chemicals encode something as basic as a sweet taste the same way as something complex like language,” said Matt Howe, assistant professor of neuroscience in the College of Science.

“All the drugs used to treat overweight and obesity target these reward areas in the brain,” DiFeliceantonio explained. “Most of the evidence that we have is that even after weight loss, the brain doesn't just return to where it was before the weight gain.”

It’s important to understand what’s taking place as a foundation for next-generation interventions, she added.